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Young adults are the most likely people to be affected by IgA nephropathy. These autoimmune types of acute glomerulonephritis include IgA nephropathy, where the antibody immunoglobulin A (IgA) builds up in the kidneys. The most common cause of glomerulonephritis occurs when the body’s immune system attacks the glomeruli. Glomerulonephritis can be sudden and severe - progressing to kidney failure very rapidly - but this is rare.Ĭauses of glomerulonephritis Autoimmune disorders Symptoms of kidney failure include lack of appetite, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, difficulty sleeping, dry and itchy skin, and passing a smaller amount of urine than normal. High blood pressure may develop as a serious complication of glomerulonephritis.Ĭhronic glomerulonephritis may remain silent for a long period with only mild symptoms, until kidney failure occurs. Normally, protein shouldn’t leak out into the urine like this – it should stay in the bloodstream. Doctors call this proteinuria or albuminuria. This is caused by the loss of protein (albumin) through the kidneys into the urine. Glomerulonephritis can be associated with fluid retention, which causes swelling and puffiness, particularly of the face, and maybe of the hands, legs and scrotum.įoamy urine is another sign of glomerulonephritis. Blood in the urine is a symptom that should always be investigated. Sometimes the blood in the urine (haematuria) can be seen with the naked eye, making the urine pink or brown coloured. About half of people with acute glomerulonephritis have no symptoms. Sometimes there are no symptoms of glomerulonephritis and the disease is picked up only incidentally by the detection of microscopic amounts of blood or protein on a routine urine test taken in your doctor’s surgery. Glomerulonephritis (also known as nephritis) may be either acute glomerulonephritis, with a sudden onset of inflammation, or chronic glomerulonephritis, involving persistent inflammation that comes on more gradually.

This inflammation and subsequent damage to the glomeruli affects their ability to filter waste products and excess water from the blood. Glomerulonephritis is a disease that involves inflammation of the glomeruli - the filtering units of the kidneys.